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Tuesday, August 10, 2010
Why few are more susceptible to pain than others ?
The degree of pain experienced after injury or surgery is known to be highly variable between patients, even under nearly identical circumstances, prompting researchers to search for the contribution of genetics to chronic pain susceptibility.
To accelerate research in this field, animal models are proving to be critical to understanding the underlying biology of chronic pain in human patients.
Recently, using a mouse model of chronic pain, Ariel Darvasi of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and colleagues identified a region of mouse chromosome 15 that likely contained a genetic variant or variants contributing to pain. However, this region contains many genes and the responsible variant remained unknown.
Darvasi and an international team of researchers have now undertaken two fine-mapping approaches to narrow down the locus to an interval of 155 genes. Then, by applying bioinformatics approaches and whole genome microarray analysis, they were able to confidently identify a single gene, Cacgn2, as the likely candidate.
This gene is known to be involved in cerebellar function and epilepsy, but a functional link to pain had not been described previously.
To further test the potential role for Cacgn2 in chronic pain, the authors utilized a mouse strain harboring a mutant version of the gene that had previously been used in epilepsy research.
In testing the mice for behavioral and electrophysological characteristics of chronic pain, they found that, although modest, the observations were consistent with a functional role for Cacgn2 in pain.
However, the question still remained as to whether the human version of the gene, CACGN2, also is important for chronic pain. Analyzing a cohort of breast cancer patients that had undergone removal or partial removal of a breast, they found known genetic polymorphisms in CACNG2 were significantly associated with chronic pain experienced after surgery.
The authors cautioned that although this association will need to be analyzed further, the result is encouraging.
"The immediate significance is the mere awareness that differences in pain perception may have a genetic predisposition. Our discovery may provide insights for treating chronic pain through previously unthought-of mechanisms," Darvasi explained
The study has been published online in Genome Research .
Posted by
sri sultan hamengkubuwono[
BABY FOOD RECIPES
BABY FOOD RECIPES - CHICKEN HEARTS APPLE
Baby food recipes
Material:
250 grams of chicken liver
2 apples, peeled, seeded, chopped
1 carrot, peeled and cut into pieces
3 pieces potatoes, peeled and cut into pieces
2 stalks celery, chopped
3 tablespoons green peas
Directions:
1. Cook all ingredients until cooked.
2. Drain and puree (or chopped finely for children ages 8 months and up)
BABY FOOD RECIPES - FISH APPLE
Baby food recipes
Material:
2 pieces of fish fillets
2 apples, peeled, cut into pieces
Directions:
1. Boil the ingredients until cooked. Drain and puree.
Note:
For children 8 months, the food should not be crushed but only finely chopped. It is good to stimulate the growth of teeth and to train the muscles of the mouth and gums to bite.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - CARAPPEAR
Baby food recipes
Material:
2 stalks carrots, peeled, cut into pieces
2 apples, peeled, cut into pieces
2 pieces of pear, peeled and cut into pieces
Directions:
1. Kl Boil carrots for 10 minutes, then amsukkan apple and pear. Cook until soft.
2. Drain and puree (or chopped finely for children ages 8 months and up)
BABY FOOD RECIPES - steamed fish
Baby food recipes
Material:
1 snapper fillet (or other fish species, according to taste)
Directions:
1. Steam the fish until cooked and then mashed.
2. Can be mixed with pureed vegetables (carrots, broccoli, etc.).
BABY FOOD RECIPES - Broccoli POTATO
Baby food recipes
Material:
7 broccoli florets, discarding the stem
2 potatoes, peeled, cut into pieces
Chicken broth / meat taste (only boiled water chicken / meat, without salt or other seasonings)
Directions:
1. Steam the broccoli and potatoes until cooked.
2. Blend the two ingredients with the processor / blender.
3. Give the broth to taste.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - VEGETABLE INTERFERENCE
Baby food recipes
Material:
1 carrot, peeled, cut into pieces
1 piece of potato, peeled, cut into pieces
2 tablespoons green peas (can be replaced other green vegetables, eg broccoli,
zuchini, celery, etc.)
Chicken broth / meat taste (only boiled water chicken / meat, without garammaupun other seasonings)
Directions:
1. Boiled / steamed until cooked all the ingredients and puree.
2. Give the chicken broth / meat taste.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - CHICKEN SOUP
Baby food recipes
Material:
1 piece of chicken thighs, remove skin, cut meat into pieces (bones were not removed)
1 stalk celery, chopped
2 potatoes, peeled, cut into pieces
1 stick carrot, peeled, cut into pieces
2 tablespoons green peas
500 ml water
Directions:
1. Cook all ingredients until cooked.
2. Discard the chicken bones, then puree all ingredients
BABY FOOD RECIPES - puree CARROT
Baby food recipes
Material:
2 medium carrots, peeled
Boiled water to taste
Directions:
1. Steam the carrots until tender then puree. Add water as needed.
2. Presentation: Give the carrot puree as single or mixed foods
with pulp POTATO / SWEET POTATOES porridge.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - pea puree
Baby food recipes
Material:
250 grams of fresh or frozen peas
Directions:
1. Boil peas until cooked and then mashed.
2. Strain the rough skin so do not take part inedible.
3. Presentation: Give peas puree as a single food or
mixed with porridge POTATO / SWEET POTATOES porridge.
Baby food recipes
Material:
250 grams of chicken liver
2 apples, peeled, seeded, chopped
1 carrot, peeled and cut into pieces
3 pieces potatoes, peeled and cut into pieces
2 stalks celery, chopped
3 tablespoons green peas
Directions:
1. Cook all ingredients until cooked.
2. Drain and puree (or chopped finely for children ages 8 months and up)
BABY FOOD RECIPES - FISH APPLE
Baby food recipes
Material:
2 pieces of fish fillets
2 apples, peeled, cut into pieces
Directions:
1. Boil the ingredients until cooked. Drain and puree.
Note:
For children 8 months, the food should not be crushed but only finely chopped. It is good to stimulate the growth of teeth and to train the muscles of the mouth and gums to bite.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - CARAPPEAR
Baby food recipes
Material:
2 stalks carrots, peeled, cut into pieces
2 apples, peeled, cut into pieces
2 pieces of pear, peeled and cut into pieces
Directions:
1. Kl Boil carrots for 10 minutes, then amsukkan apple and pear. Cook until soft.
2. Drain and puree (or chopped finely for children ages 8 months and up)
BABY FOOD RECIPES - steamed fish
Baby food recipes
Material:
1 snapper fillet (or other fish species, according to taste)
Directions:
1. Steam the fish until cooked and then mashed.
2. Can be mixed with pureed vegetables (carrots, broccoli, etc.).
BABY FOOD RECIPES - Broccoli POTATO
Baby food recipes
Material:
7 broccoli florets, discarding the stem
2 potatoes, peeled, cut into pieces
Chicken broth / meat taste (only boiled water chicken / meat, without salt or other seasonings)
Directions:
1. Steam the broccoli and potatoes until cooked.
2. Blend the two ingredients with the processor / blender.
3. Give the broth to taste.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - VEGETABLE INTERFERENCE
Baby food recipes
Material:
1 carrot, peeled, cut into pieces
1 piece of potato, peeled, cut into pieces
2 tablespoons green peas (can be replaced other green vegetables, eg broccoli,
zuchini, celery, etc.)
Chicken broth / meat taste (only boiled water chicken / meat, without garammaupun other seasonings)
Directions:
1. Boiled / steamed until cooked all the ingredients and puree.
2. Give the chicken broth / meat taste.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - CHICKEN SOUP
Baby food recipes
Material:
1 piece of chicken thighs, remove skin, cut meat into pieces (bones were not removed)
1 stalk celery, chopped
2 potatoes, peeled, cut into pieces
1 stick carrot, peeled, cut into pieces
2 tablespoons green peas
500 ml water
Directions:
1. Cook all ingredients until cooked.
2. Discard the chicken bones, then puree all ingredients
BABY FOOD RECIPES - puree CARROT
Baby food recipes
Material:
2 medium carrots, peeled
Boiled water to taste
Directions:
1. Steam the carrots until tender then puree. Add water as needed.
2. Presentation: Give the carrot puree as single or mixed foods
with pulp POTATO / SWEET POTATOES porridge.
BABY FOOD RECIPES - pea puree
Baby food recipes
Material:
250 grams of fresh or frozen peas
Directions:
1. Boil peas until cooked and then mashed.
2. Strain the rough skin so do not take part inedible.
3. Presentation: Give peas puree as a single food or
mixed with porridge POTATO / SWEET POTATOES porridge.